Scalable Production of Thin and Durable Practical Li Metal Anode for High-Energy-Density Batteries

Utilization of thin Li metal is the ultimate pathway to achieving practical high-energy-density Li metal batteries (LMBs), but its practical implementation has been significantly impeded by formidable challenges of poor thinning processability, severe interphase instability and notorious dendritic Li growth. Here we report a practical thin (10-40 μm) Li/Mo/Li₂Se with concurrently modulated interphase and mechanical properties, achieved via a scalable mechanical rolling process. The in situ generated Li₂Se and Mo not only enhance the mechanical strength enabling the scalable fabrication of thin Li metal, but also promote homogeneous Li electrodeposition. Significantly, the Li/Mo/Li₂Se demonstrates ultrahigh-rate performance (15 mA cm^-2) and ultralong-lifespan cycling sustainability (2700 cycles) with exceptional anti-pulverization capability. The Li|LiFePO₄ cells show substantially prolonged cyclability over 1200 cycles with an ultralow decay rate of ~0.01 % per cycle. Moreover, the Li|LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ pouch cells deliver enhanced cycling stability even under the extremely harsh conditions of low negative-to-positive-capacity (N/P) ratio of ~1.2 and lean electrolyte of ~0.95 g Ah^-1, showing an exceptional energy density of 329.2 Wh kg^-1. This work sheds light on facile pathway for scalable production of durable thin Li metal anode toward reliable practicability.