Integrated diagnostics, complex biomarkers, and a new frontier for tissue pathology

What will be the next disruptive technology that will change pathology's routine practice again? In this editorial we make a case for the need of more complex biomarkers in oncology diagnostics, to match the inherent complexity of cancer biology. This complexity will be achieved by the validation of technology able to generate more meaningful biological datapoints (epitomized in tissue pathology by technologies such as multiplex immunofluorescence) and, more important, by the systematic analysis of multimodal technology outputs with artificial intelligence tools, which is the essence of integrated diagnostics. While describing these processes, the authors highlight the pivotal role that histopathology will play, once again, in yet another transformation in diagnostics.