Obesity and cardiovascular disease: an ESC clinical consensus statement

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Public Health
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Global obesity prevalence has doubled in four decades, impacting over a billion individuals.
• Obesity is a disease linked to chronic illnesses, reduced quality of life, and decreased life expectancy.
• Cardiovascular disease accounts for two-thirds of obesity-related mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To discuss the epidemiology, etiology, and cardiovascular implications of obesity.
• To provide guidance on the clinical management of patients with cardiac disease and obesity.
• To review weight loss strategies and their impact on cardiometabolic risk and cardiac outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Review of current evidence on obesity and cardiovascular disease.
• Analysis of the interplay between obesity, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiac conditions.
• Focus on lifestyle changes, interventional procedures, and anti-obesity medications.

Main Results:

• Obesity is underrecognized and sub-optimally managed compared to other cardiovascular risk factors.
• Evidence links obesity to atherosclerotic disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death.
• Comprehensive weight management is crucial for primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention.

Conclusions:

• Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
• Awareness and evidence-based management of obesity are critical for public health.
• This statement offers guidance for preventing and managing obesity in cardiovascular care.