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Related Concept Videos

Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

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The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
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Positive Regulator Molecules02:39

Positive Regulator Molecules

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Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
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M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

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Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
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Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

The Cell Cycle Control System

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The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
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Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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Through the Looking Glass: Time-lapse Microscopy and Longitudinal Tracking of Single Cells to Study Anti-cancer Therapeutics
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Cyclin A/B RxL Macrocyclic Inhibitors to Treat Cancers with High E2F Activity.

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    New macrocyclic inhibitors selectively kill small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells by blocking cyclin A/B interactions, leading to apoptosis via spindle assembly checkpoint activation. These inhibitors show promise as a novel SCLC therapy.

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    Development of Inhibitors of Protein-protein Interactions through REPLACE: Application to the Design and Development Non-ATP Competitive CDK Inhibitors
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    Development of Inhibitors of Protein-protein Interactions through REPLACE: Application to the Design and Development Non-ATP Competitive CDK Inhibitors
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    Development of Inhibitors of Protein-protein Interactions through REPLACE: Application to the Design and Development Non-ATP Competitive CDK Inhibitors

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular oncology
    • Cancer cell biology
    • Drug discovery

    Background:

    • Precise control of E2F1 activity is crucial for cancer cell proliferation; excessive E2F1 activity can trigger apoptosis.
    • Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) often exhibits high E2F1 activity, presenting a therapeutic vulnerability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop cell-permeable and bioavailable macrocycles targeting cyclin A/B interactions.
    • To investigate the mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of these macrocyclic inhibitors in SCLC.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of cell-permeable macrocycles inhibiting RxL-mediated interactions of cyclin A and cyclin B.
    • Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and random mutagenesis screens to identify resistance mechanisms.
    • Base editor screens to analyze cyclin B variants affecting inhibitor response.
    • Evaluation of orally bioavailable macrocycles in patient-derived xenograft models of SCLC.

    Main Results:

    • Macrocyclic inhibitors (cyclin A/Bi) selectively kill SCLC cells by blocking cyclin A/B interactions.
    • Cyclin A/Bi induce apoptosis through spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activation, dependent on cyclin B and Cdk2.
    • Inhibitors hyperactivate E2F1 and cyclin B, leading to mitotic cell death.
    • Orally bioavailable cyclin A/Bi demonstrated robust tumor growth inhibition in chemotherapy-resistant SCLC xenografts.

    Conclusions:

    • Cyclin A/Bi induce apoptosis in cancers with high E2F activity via novel gain-of-function mechanisms.
    • The findings suggest cyclin A/Bi as a promising therapeutic strategy for SCLC and other E2F1-driven cancers.