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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent. The reducing agent acts as a source of hydride ions.
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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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A nitrile solvent structure induced stable solid electrolyte interphase for wide-temperature lithium-ion batteries.

Zhongming Wang1, Zhiyuan He1, Zhongsheng Wang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China meilin@csu.edu.cn lbchen@csu.edu.cn.

Chemical Science
|August 30, 2024
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Summary

This study introduces a novel electrolyte using valeronitrile (VN) to improve lithium-ion battery (LIB) performance across wide temperatures. The VN electrolyte enhances ion transfer and stability, overcoming limitations of traditional ethylene carbonate (EC) electrolytes.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) face capacity degradation at extreme temperatures due to slow ion transfer and solvent decomposition.
  • Ethylene carbonate (EC)-based electrolytes limit LIB performance in wide-temperature applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a novel electrolyte for wide-temperature LIBs by replacing EC with nitrile solvents.
  • To investigate the relationship between nitrile solvent properties and battery performance.
  • To enhance Li+ transfer kinetics and thermal stability in LIBs.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a novel electrolyte substituting ethylene carbonate (EC) with nitrile solvents.
  • Investigated the correlation between nitrile solvent carbon chain length, reduction stability, and Li+ solvation.
  • Utilized valeronitrile (VN) as a promising solvent.
  • Tested VN-based electrolytes in graphite‖NCM523 pouch cells across a wide temperature range.

Main Results:

  • Valeronitrile (VN) showed an enhanced lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level and low de-solvation energy.
  • VN facilitated robust SEI layer formation and improved interfacial ion transfer kinetics.
  • VN-based electrolytes achieved 89.84% capacity retention at 20C (room temperature) and 3C cycling stability at 55 °C.
  • High ionic conductivity of 1.585 mS cm-1 was observed at -50 °C.
  • Pouch cells retained 75.52% and 65.12% of room temperature capacity at -40 °C and -50 °C, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Valeronitrile (VN) is a highly effective solvent for wide-temperature lithium-ion batteries.
  • The VN-based electrolyte significantly improves low-temperature conductivity and high-temperature stability.
  • These electrolytes show great potential for applications in extreme environments.