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Related Concept Videos

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

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Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
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An Intact Pericardium Ischemic Rodent Model
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Malignant Pericardial Effusion: A Systematic Review.

Sarah E Mudra1, Danny Rayes1, Ashwin K Kumar1,2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, MedStar Health, Washington, DC, USA.

CJC Open
|August 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Malignant pericardial effusion is often severe, with most patients experiencing cardiac tamponade. This systematic review highlights limited treatment options and a high mortality rate, primarily from cancer progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Malignant pericardial effusion (MPE) is a serious condition often diagnosed late, with unknown prevalence due to asymptomatic presentation.
  • Limited literature exists on the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of MPE.
  • This systematic review aims to improve understanding of MPE in cancer patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a systematic review of malignant pericardial effusion.
  • To analyze epidemiological data, clinical features, and outcomes.
  • To provide insights into the management and prognosis of MPE.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of 4 databases for case reports.
  • Inclusion criteria: patients >18 years with pericardial effusion and malignancy.
  • Data extraction focused on interventions and mortality.

Main Results:

  • 41 case reports included, median age 54 years, 58% male.
  • Dyspnea (90%) and cardiac tamponade (78%) were common symptoms.
  • Lung, GI, and renal cancers were most frequent; 44% mortality, mainly from disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • This is the largest systematic review of MPE to date.
  • Solid tumors, particularly lung adenocarcinomas, are common causes.
  • MPE is severe, often presenting with cardiac tamponade, limited treatment options, and high mortality.