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Associations between Structural Racism, Environmental Burden, and Cancer Rates: An Ecological Study of US Counties.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Structural racism is linked to higher cancer incidence and mortality rates in Black, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaskan Native populations. Addressing systemic discrimination is crucial for reducing cancer disparities.

Keywords:
Cancer IncidenceCancer MortalityDisparitiesStructural Racism

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Structural racism significantly impacts health outcomes, contributing to disparities in various diseases.
  • Cancer incidence and mortality rates vary significantly across racial and ethnic groups in the United States.
  • Understanding the role of systemic factors like structural racism is essential for developing effective public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between county-level structural racism and cancer incidence and mortality rates across different racial groups.
  • To control for confounding factors, including environmental burden and socioeconomic status, in the analysis of cancer disparities.

Main Methods:

  • Multiple linear regression analyses were employed to examine the relationships.
  • Data sources included county-level structural racism indices, US Cancer Statistics, County Health Rankings, EPA's Environmental Quality Index, and US Census Bureau data.
  • Analyses focused on cancer rates from 2015 to 2019, controlling for demographic and environmental factors.

Main Results:

  • County-level structural racism showed a significant association with higher cancer incidence rates in Black and Asian/Pacific Islander populations.
  • Higher cancer mortality rates were observed in American Indian/Alaskan Native, Black, and Asian/Pacific Islander populations compared to White populations.
  • These associations persisted after accounting for environmental burden and other relevant county-level factors.

Conclusions:

  • Structural racism has a detrimental effect on cancer outcomes for minoritized racial and ethnic groups.
  • Mitigating cancer disparities requires addressing the systemic policies, laws, and norms that perpetuate discrimination.
  • Public health strategies must integrate efforts to dismantle discriminatory systems to improve cancer care equity.