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Inverted Papilloma: A Practical Approach to Diagnosis, Management, and Current Controversies
1Department of ENT-HNS, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal.
Abstract:
Inverted papilloma (IP) is an uncommon sinonasal malignancy primarily affecting middle-aged adults. It is characterized by locally aggressive behavior, a high recurrence rate, and a concerning potential for malignant transformation. The etiology of inverted papilloma remains unclear, although human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been implicated in up to 40% of cases. Surgical intervention is the mainstay of treatment, with the approach (endoscopic versus external) dictated by the extent and characteristics of the tumor. Rigorous follow-up is mandatory to ensure early detection of local recurrence, which can manifest early or with a delayed presentation.
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