Sarcomatoid Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma with Brain Metastasis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma typically signifies an exceptionally poor prognosis, with patients rarely surviving beyond one year. An 83-year-old male presented to our hospital with complaints of headache and left-sided limb weakness. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the head and lungs disclosed a mass within the right temporal lobe, accompanied by peritumoral edema in the right cerebral hemisphere. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast enhancement and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) delineated a mass in the right temporal lobe, measuring 3 × 3 × 3 cm. He underwent cytoreductive surgery successively in the neurosurgery and urology departments. Despite experiencing postoperative tumour recurrence, the patient has lived close to four years to date. This case report illustrates that cytoreductive surgery combined with systemic pharmacotherapy can still confer significant survival benefits for elderly patients.