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Related Concept Videos

Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

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The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
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Muscles of the Anterior Neck01:26

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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
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Muscles that Move the Head01:19

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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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Muscles of the Vertebral Column01:27

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The back muscles that lie deep into the thoracolumbar fascia are called intrinsic or true back muscles. These muscles are divided into four layers: superficial, intermediate, deep, and deepest layers.
Superficial Layer:
The superficial layer consists primarily of the splenius muscles, which include the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis. These muscles are mainly responsible for the head and cervical spine movements, including extension, rotation, and lateral bending. The splenius capitis...
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Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
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Complete Platysma Muscle Suspension in Deep-Plane Face-Lift Surgery.

Andrew T Timberlake1, Craig Cameron Brawley2, Benjamin C Paul1

  • 1From private practice.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep-plane face-lift surgery offers natural results but carries risks. This article details techniques to enhance safety during deep-plane dissections and neck rejuvenation.

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Facial Rejuvenation Techniques

Background:

  • Deep-plane face-lift surgery, though described over 30 years ago, is experiencing renewed popularity.
  • Proponents highlight natural aesthetic outcomes, while critics note potential risks due to complex dissections near facial nerve branches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate surgical techniques that optimize safety during deep-plane dissections.
  • To present a novel approach for neck rejuvenation extending to the clavicles.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed description of surgical techniques for safe deep-plane dissections, focusing on avoiding "danger zones."
  • Introduction of a novel vertical midline platysmaplasty combined with extended platysma release in the neck.

Main Results:

  • The described techniques aim to mitigate risks associated with deep-plane face-lift surgery.
  • The novel platysmaplasty and platysma release technique provide comprehensive neck rejuvenation.

Conclusions:

  • Deep-plane face-lift surgery can be performed safely with meticulous technique.
  • The combined approach offers significant advancements in achieving natural-looking facial and neck rejuvenation.