Long COVID patients' brain activation is suppressed during walking and severer symptoms lead to stronger suppression

This research aims to study the factors contributing to Long COVID and its effects on motor and cognitive brain regions using population surveys and brain imaging. The goal is to provide new insights into the neurological effects of the illness and establish a basis for addressing neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with Long COVID. Study 1 used a cross-sectional design to collect data on demographic characteristics and factors related to Long COVID symptoms in 551 participants. In Study 2, subjects with Long COVID and SARS-CoV-2 uninfected individuals underwent fNIRS monitoring while performing various tasks. Study 1 found that gender, age, BMI, Days since the first SARS-CoV-2 infection, and Symptoms at first onset influenced Long COVID performance. Study 2 demonstrated that individuals in the SARS-CoV-2 uninfected group exhibited greater activation of cognitive function-related brain regions than those in the Long COVID group while performing a level walking task. Furthermore, individuals in the Long COVID group without functional impairment displayed higher activation of brain regions associated with motor function during a weight-bearing walking task than those with functional impairment. Among individuals with Long COVID, those with mild symptoms at onset exhibited increased activation of brain regions linked to motor and cognitive function relative to those with moderate symptoms at onset. Individuals with Long COVID exhibited decreased activation in brain regions associated with cognitive and motor function compared to SARS-CoV-2 uninfected individuals. Moreover, those with more severe initial symptoms or functional impairment displayed heightened inhibition in these brain regions.