Association of periodontitis with cardiometabolic and haemostatic parameters

To investigate the association between periodontitis and cardiometabolic and haemostatic parameters.

Between 2014 and 2019, 54 individuals needing full mouth extraction, and 50 control individuals, were recruited for a combined cross-sectional (individuals versus controls) and longitudinal (individuals before and after extraction) study. Periodontitis severity was measured using the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA). Blood was drawn to measure the haemostatic (Factor VIII, von Willebrand factor [VWF], endogenous thrombin potential, d-dimer, clot lysis time) and cardiovascular risk (C-reactive protein [CRP], lipid profile) parameters, prior to and 12 weeks post-extraction. The results were analysed group-wise.

The mean VWF and CRP levels were higher and the high-density lipoprotein levels were lower in the individuals prior to extraction compared to the controls. The VWF was significantly correlated with the PISA (a 21% unit increase in VWF per 1000 mm² increase in PISA, 95%CI: 6-36%, p = 0.01). The other analyses were comparable between the individuals and controls, and did not change in the individuals after the extraction.

VWF levels are associated with periodontitis severity; they do not improve after full-mouth extraction. Severe periodontitis in control individuals does not induce substantial changes in their haemostatic or inflammatory systems.

Treatment of periodontitis has been shown to improve the cardiometabolic blood profile of patients with established cardiometabolic disease. However, whether periodontitis treatment improves cardiometabolic and haemostatic profiles in people without cardiometabolic disease is uncertain.