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Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking
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Cognitive function in Parkinson's disease: associations with perivascular space in basal ganglia

Zhenglong Luo1,2, Yangfan Zhu1,2, Yongyun Zhu1,2

  • 1Department of Geriatric Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, P.R. China.

Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
|August 30, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) in the basal ganglia, not white matter hyperintensities (WMH), are linked to mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD-MCI). MRI detection of EPVS may aid early diagnosis of cognitive decline in PD patients.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment is a common Parkinson's disease (PD) symptom.
  • Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in PD (PD-MCI) signifies a transition towards dementia.
  • Early identification of PD-MCI is crucial for patient care and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess if enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI can serve as biomarkers for PD-MCI.
  • To investigate the association between EPVS, WMH, and cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of cranial MRI scans from 200 PD patients (April 2021-April 2022).
  • Patients categorized into PD with no cognitive impairment (PD-NCI) or PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI).
  • Logistic regression models (univariate and multivariate) used to analyze associations between MRI findings, clinicodemographic factors, and cognitive status.

Main Results:

  • Univariate analysis revealed severe EPVS in basal ganglia, severe WMH, older age, late-onset, male sex, low education, longer disease duration, low triglycerides, low uric acid, and low Mini-mental State Exam scores as risk factors for PD-MCI.
  • Multivariate regression, after adjusting for clinicodemographic factors, identified low education level and EPVS in basal ganglia as independent risk factors for cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Severe EPVS in basal ganglia and lower educational attainment are independent predictors of PD-MCI.
  • WMH were not found to be an independent risk factor for PD-MCI in this study.
  • Non-invasive MRI detection of basal ganglia EPVS shows potential as an early indicator for cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease.
Keywords:
Cerebral white matter hyperintensitiesCognitionEducation levelParkinson’s diseasePerivascular space

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