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Neuroimmune recognition of allergens
Isaac M Chiu1, Caroline L Sokol2
1Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Current Opinion in Immunology
|August 30, 2024
Summary
The nervous and immune systems interact to drive type 2 immune responses. Sensory neurons detect allergens, promoting allergic inflammation and related systemic reactions.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimmunology
- Type 2 Immunity
Background:
- The nervous and immune systems intricately regulate physiological processes.
- Type 2 immune responses are central to allergic diseases and host defense against parasites.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the role of sensory neurons in initiating and modulating type 2 immune responses.
- To understand the bidirectional communication between neurons and immune cells in allergic immunity.
Main Methods:
- Investigated sensory neuron-immune cell interactions.
- Examined the impact of neuronal signaling on dendritic cells and mast cells.
- Assessed the influence of type 2 cytokines on neuronal function.
Main Results:
- Sensory neurons initiate innate and adaptive type 2 immunity by detecting allergens.
- Neurons promote type 2 inflammation by suppressing type 1 immune responses.
- Type 2 cytokines enhance neuronal activation, creating a positive feedback loop.
Conclusions:
- Neuroimmune interactions are critical for orchestrating type 2 immune responses.
- This neuroimmune axis contributes to allergic inflammation, aversion, anaphylaxis, and polysensitization.
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