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Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

Neuroscientist's Behavioral Toolbox for Studying Episodic-Like Memory.

Daniela Kunčická¹, Branislav Krajčovič², Aleš Stuchlík³

¹Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czechia daniela.kuncicka@fgu.cas.cz.

|August 30, 2024

Summary

This review explores novel rodent models for studying episodic-like memory, enhancing our understanding of memory recall and its clinical relevance. These diverse tasks offer new avenues for memory research.

Keywords:

episodic memory hippocampus recollection source memory temporal binding what–where–when

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2025

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Published on: August 20, 2020

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Animal Behavior

Background:

Episodic memory is crucial for human cognition and has significant clinical implications.
Existing animal models for episodic memory are limited, restricting research scope.
Rodent models are valuable for understanding the neural basis of memory.

Purpose of the Study:

To review diverse rodent episodic-like memory tasks beyond traditional models.
To provide researchers with a broader methodological repertoire for memory research.
To encourage a more comprehensive understanding of episodic memory mechanisms.

Main Methods:

Narrative review of existing literature on rodent episodic-like memory tasks.
Analysis of tasks assessing various components of human episodic memory (e.g., what-where-when, source memory).
Evaluation of tasks for potential non-episodic confounds.

Main Results:

Identification of a range of rodent tasks assessing integrated memory, source memory, recall dynamics, and temporal binding.
Discussion of the strengths and limitations of each task in modeling human episodic memory.
Consideration of alternative explanations for observed behaviors.

Conclusions:

Expanding the methodological toolkit for rodent episodic-like memory research is essential.
Diverse tasks allow for a more nuanced investigation of specific memory components.
This review aims to guide researchers in selecting appropriate models for advancing memory research.