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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Related Experiment Video

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Brain disorders in euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients.

Bogumiła Strzałkowska1, Janusz Strzelczyk2, Miriam Dawidowicz3

  • 1Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19 Zabrze 41-800, Poland.

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
|August 31, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Euthyroid patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) may experience cognitive and central nervous system alterations, potentially linked to thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb). Further research is needed to identify biomarkers for these brain changes.

Keywords:
AutoimmunityBrain disordersCentral nervous system disordersHashimoto’s thyroiditisNeuroendocrinologyPsychiatric disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease causing hypothyroidism via thyroid follicular cell destruction.
  • Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is linked to elevated antithyroid antibodies.
  • The presence and cause of central nervous system (CNS) alterations in euthyroid HT patients remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether brain alterations exist in euthyroid HT patients before HE development.
  • To explore potential pathomechanisms, including antibody involvement, in these CNS changes.

Main Methods:

  • A PubMed literature search was conducted.
  • Studies reviewed included questionnaires, imaging, and mouse models.
  • Analysis considered antibody types (TPOAb, TgAb) and their origin (serum vs. cerebrospinal fluid).

Main Results:

  • Questionnaire studies indicate cognitive, mental, and physical health impairments in euthyroid HT patients.
  • Imaging and mouse models suggest CNS alterations in euthyroid HT patients.
  • Antibodies, including TPOAb and TgAb, are implicated, with potential roles for coexisting antibodies.

Conclusions:

  • Euthyroid HT patients may exhibit CNS alterations and cognitive dysfunction.
  • Antibody-specific indices (ASIs) could serve as biomarkers for brain changes.
  • More research is required to identify reliable biomarkers and treatments for HT-associated neurological complications.