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Born to move? Birth order and emigration.

Jan Saarela1, Jani Turunen2

  • 1Åbo Akademi University, Strandgatan 2, 65100, Vasa, Finland.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Later-born children are more likely to emigrate than their older siblings. This study on Finnish siblings reveals a positive association between birth order and emigration, particularly to countries with free mobility.

Keywords:
Birth orderEmigrationFamily fixed-effectsPopulation registerWelfare states

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Demography
  • Economics

Background:

  • Birth order is a significant demographic factor influencing individual outcomes.
  • Family dynamics and resource allocation may shape sibling behavior.
  • Understanding emigration patterns is crucial for demographic and economic analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between birth order and emigration.
  • To analyze how family structures influence international mobility.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Finnish register data for individuals born 1970-2002.
  • Employed a family fixed-effects approach to control for unobserved family characteristics.
  • Observed first emigration events after age 18 (1987-2020).

Main Results:

  • Emigration risk increases with birth order.
  • Second-borns have a 5% higher emigration hazard than first-borns; third-borns 7%; fourth-borns 11%.
  • The pattern is pronounced for emigration to free-mobility countries and consistent across genders.

Conclusions:

  • Birth order is a significant predictor of emigration.
  • Family dynamics, sibling personality variations, and resource allocation may explain the observed pattern.
  • Findings underscore the importance of birth order in understanding individual mobility patterns.