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Fates of Pyruvate

Fates of Pyruvate

Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Multi-Stream Perfusion Bioreactor Integrated with Outlet Fractionation for Dynamic Cell Culture

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Published on: July 20, 2022

Perfusion fermentation sets a path to democratize biomanufacturing

Kerry R Love¹, Stacy E Martin², Devin G Morrison¹

¹Sunflower Therapeutics PBC, 200 Boston Avenue, G-500, Medford, MA 02115, USA.

Trends in Biotechnology

|August 31, 2024

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

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