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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
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Physiology of Urine Formation01:24

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Urine formation is an essential function of the human body. It plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the volume and composition of body fluids. The kidneys, the primary organs involved in this process, filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances, ultimately producing urine.
Glomerular Filtration
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Urinary Bladder01:23

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
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Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
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Plastic induced urinary tract disease and dysfunction: a scoping review.

Liam O'Callaghan1, Matthew Olsen1, Lotti Tajouri1,2,3

  • 1Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.

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Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are increasingly found in the human urinary tract, with studies showing cytotoxic effects and inflammation. This challenges previous health assessments and necessitates urgent re-evaluation of MNP risks.

Keywords:
IncontinenceInflammationKidneyMicroplasticNanoplasticUrinary tractUrine

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Urology

Background:

  • A 2019 WHO report found microplastics in drinking water posed no health threat.
  • Emerging research indicates plastic presence in organs with detrimental effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on microplastic and nanoplastic (MNP) presence and effects in the human urinary tract.
  • To assess the public health implications of MNP contamination in this system.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review following Johanna Briggs Institute recommendations.
  • Systematic searches of five databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Web of Science, EMBASE) and grey literature.

Main Results:

  • Eighteen articles were identified; six confirmed MNP presence in the urinary tract (kidney, urine, bladder cancer samples).
  • Twelve articles showed MNPs induce cytotoxicity, inflammation, reduced cell viability, and altered MAPK signaling in urinary tract cell lines.

Conclusions:

  • MNPs in the urinary tract may pose health risks for bladder disease and dysfunction.
  • The WHO's stance on MNP safety requires urgent re-evaluation based on current evidence.
  • Further research and policy development are crucial to address MNP contamination concerns.