Investigation of Factors Affecting Extraction of Calophyllum inophyllum Seed Oil via Response Surface Methodology

This study used the Soxhlet apparatus to investigate honne oil (HO) extraction optimization. Twenty-four (24) experiments were formulated using the D-optimal design considering extraction time (2 - 6 h), honne weight (20 - 60 g), and particle size using acetone. The yield, functional groups, physical and chemical properties, and fatty acid composition of the HO were assessed. The optimal extraction conditions established were a time of 6 h, fine particle size, and honne weight of 20 g with a high HO yield of 70.85 wt.%. The HO had an acid value and kinematic viscosity of 35.68 mg KOH/g oil and 52.96 mm ² /s, respectively. The observed coefficient of determination of 0.9870 suggests that the model developed for the process is efficient. The functional groups and fatty acids of the HO confirm that it is highly unsaturated with the regions of trans-unsaturation bending vibrations and double bond stretching. The properties of the HO demonstrate that it could be used to produce biodiesel, notwithstanding the necessity for pretreatment.