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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Preparation and Characterization of Nanoliposomes for the Entrapment of Bioactive Hydrophilic Globular Proteins
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Luteolin-loaded Invasomes Gel for Transdermal Delivery: Development, Optimization, in-vitro, and Preclinical

Ameeduzzafar Zafar1, Mohd Yasir2, Lubhan Singh3

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University.

Journal of Oleo Science
|September 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a novel transdermal luteolin (LN) invasomes (IVM) gel to enhance its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. The optimized LN-IVM gel demonstrated improved drug release, permeation, and reduced inflammation, offering a safe and effective delivery system.

Keywords:
ex-vivo permeationinvasomes gelluteolinpharmacodynamic studypharmacokinetictransdermal delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Luteolin (LN) is a bioactive flavone with pharmacological benefits.
  • Limited bioavailability of LN due to poor solubility and first-pass metabolism hinders its therapeutic use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize transdermal luteolin-loaded invasomes (IVM) gel.
  • To enhance the therapeutic efficacy of LN through improved transdermal delivery.

Main Methods:

  • LN-loaded invasomes (IVM) were prepared and optimized using a 2^3 factorial design.
  • Physicochemical characterization, including vesicle size, PDI, EE, and zeta potential, was performed.
  • The optimized IVM was formulated into a gel and evaluated for viscosity, spreadability, drug release, ex-vivo permeation, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics.

Main Results:

  • Optimized LN-IVM showed desirable physicochemical properties (300.8 nm VS, 0.258 PDI, 89.92% EE, -18.2 mV zeta potential) and spherical morphology.
  • The optimized IVM gel exhibited sustained LN release (91.32% in 24 h) with significantly higher permeation flux (5.79 µg/h/cm²) compared to plain LN gel.
  • Transdermal LN-IVM gel demonstrated a 2.38-fold increase in relative bioavailability and significant reduction in paw swelling compared to oral administration.

Conclusions:

  • Transdermal invasomes gel is an effective and safe approach for luteolin delivery.
  • This formulation significantly improves LN bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes.
  • The developed LN-IVM gel holds promise for enhanced treatment of inflammatory conditions.