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Effectiveness of Nutrition Support Team Intervention in Pediatric Patients with Cancer

Midori Shimizu1, Akio Shimizu2, Tetsuya Takamasu3

  • 1Department of Nutrition, Hamamatsu University Hospital.

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology
|September 1, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Nutritional support team interventions for pediatric cancer patients reduced instances and days of nil per os (NPO) orders. This supports continued oral intake, potentially improving outcomes for children undergoing cancer treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Clinical Nutrition
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Malnutrition is a significant concern in pediatric cancer patients, correlating with poorer prognoses.
  • Optimizing nutritional status is crucial for improving treatment tolerance and outcomes in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of nutritional support team (NST) interventions on preventing adverse events and enhancing nutritional status in pediatric cancer patients.
  • To assess if NST interventions reduce the need for nil per os (NPO) orders and improve nutritional markers during cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A historical cohort study comparing pediatric patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, neuroblastoma, or brain tumor.
  • Intervention group received NST interventions; control group did not, with data from distinct admission periods (2013-2014 vs. 2011-2012).
  • Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to create a homogeneous probability model for outcome comparison.

Main Results:

  • The intervention group experienced significantly fewer occurrences of NPO orders (p=0.037) and shorter durations of NPO status (p=0.046) compared to the control group.
  • No significant difference was observed in the change of body mass index z-score between admission and discharge between the groups (p=0.376).

Conclusions:

  • NST interventions are associated with a reduction in NPO occurrences and days for pediatric cancer patients.
  • These findings suggest that NST interventions facilitate sustained oral intake, a critical factor in managing pediatric cancer patients.

Keywords:
NSTnutritionoral intakepediatric cancersupportive care

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