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Related Concept Videos

Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body being...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy
08:23

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

Published on: November 13, 2016

Positron emission tomography in generalized seizures.

W H Theodore, R Brooks, R Margolin

    Neurology
    |May 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Positron emission tomography (PET) studies in patients with absence or generalized seizures showed no focal hypometabolism during interictal scans. Ictal scans revealed distinct metabolic patterns, suggesting differences between absence status and single absence attacks.

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    Published on: July 8, 2025

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Nuclear Medicine
    • Epileptology

    Background:

    • Epilepsy diagnosis often relies on clinical presentation and electroencephalography (EEG).
    • Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) can visualize brain metabolism, potentially aiding in understanding seizure pathophysiology.
    • Interictal hypometabolism is often associated with focal epilepsy, but its role in generalized and absence seizures is less clear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate brain glucose metabolism using FDG-PET in patients experiencing absence or generalized seizures.
    • To explore potential differences in metabolic activity during interictal periods and ictal events, including absence status.

    Main Methods:

    • FDG-PET scans were performed on nine patients with absence or generalized seizures.
    • Scans were conducted during interictal periods in eight patients.
    • Two patients underwent PET during induced generalized spike-wave discharges, and one patient had a scan during absence status.

    Main Results:

    • Interictal FDG-PET scans in eight patients did not reveal focal or lateralized hypometabolism.
    • One patient showed diffusely increased metabolic rates during hyperventilation-induced generalized spike-wave discharges compared to interictal scans.
    • Another patient exhibited decreased metabolic rates throughout cortical and subcortical structures during absence status compared to interictal scans.

    Conclusions:

    • Interictal PET did not identify specific anatomic regions for absence seizure onset in this cohort.
    • Ictal PET findings suggest distinct pathophysiological differences between absence status and single absence attacks.
    • FDG-PET may offer insights into the dynamic metabolic changes occurring during different seizure types.