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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia

Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia

Published on: August 11, 2023

Problems with repairing gut sphincters malfunctions.

Mauro Bortolotti¹

¹Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, S Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy. bormau@tin.it.

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

|September 2, 2024

Summary

Sphincter malfunction correction is challenging due to dual functions. Bioengineering aims to create safer artificial sphincters (ASs) overcoming current device limitations and adverse events.

Keywords:

Anal sphincter Artificial sphincter Fecal incontinence Gastroesophageal reflux Gastroesophageal sphincter Magnetic sphincter Sphincter

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology and Bioengineering
Biomedical Device Development

Background:

Sphincter repair is complex, risking damage to opposing functions like closure and opening.
Existing treatments for lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and anal sphincter dysfunction have significant drawbacks.
Artificial sphincters (ASs) offer a mechanical solution but present risks like infection and tissue damage.

Discussion:

Current ASs utilize diverse mechanisms (hydraulic, magnetic, mechanical) with intricate components.
Complications include infections, fibrosis, device malfunction, ischemia, and tissue erosion.
Despite limitations, some ASs are in clinical use, while others remain experimental.

Key Insights:

Sphincter repair requires balancing opposing functional needs.
Artificial sphincters present a viable but imperfect alternative to surgical repair.
Device-related complications necessitate further innovation in AS design.

Outlook:

Bioengineering approaches are crucial for developing safer, more effective biomimetic ASs.
Addressing biomechanical and biological interactions is key to improving AS performance.
Future research focuses on minimizing adverse events and enhancing functional restoration.