Understanding acute chyloperitoneum in appendicitis: case report and literature review

Chyloperitoneum is the presence of chyle in the peritoneal cavity. This study focuses on acute chyloperitoneum, a rare condition with an unclear incidence due to limited number of reported cases in the literature. Here, we present a 24-year-old Saudi female with chyloperitoneum diagnosed intraoperatively during a laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis that was managed successfully with a low-fat diet and drainage, alongside a literature review to elucidate the condition's pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies. A conservative management approach is recommended for acute chyloperitoneum in the context of appendicitis, this includes intraperitoneal drainage, appendectomy when needed, and careful observation. Our proposed management strategy aligns with findings from the literature review and supports conservative management as a safe and effective treatment modality for this rare condition.