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Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...

Structural Classification of Joints

Structural Classification of Joints

Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...

Method of Joints: Problem Solving I

Method of Joints: Problem Solving I

The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint. Consider a truss structure with two forces of 20 N and 10 N acting at joints C and D, respectively. The method of joints can be used to determine the forces FCB, FDC,...

Bending of Curved Members - Strain Analysis

Bending of Curved Members - Strain Analysis

The mechanics of deformation in curved members, such as beams or arches, under bending moments, involve complex responses. When such a member, symmetric about the y-axis and shaped like a segment of a circle centered at point C, is subjected to equal and opposite forces, its curvature and surface lengths change significantly. This alteration results in the shift of the curvature's center from C to C', indicating a tighter curve.
The important part of bending analysis for such a member is the...

Stability of structures

Stability of structures

In mechanical engineering, the stability of systems under various forces is critical for designing durable and efficient structures. One fundamental way to explore these concepts is by analyzing systems like two rods connected at a pivot point, O, with a torsional spring of spring constant k at the pivot point. This system is similar in appearance to a scissor jack used to change tires on a car. In this case, the arms of the linkage (equivalent to the rods in this system) are entirely vertical,...

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A Protocol to Acquire the Degenerative Tenocyte from Humans

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The Statistical Fragility of Lateral Extra-articular Tenodesis Research: A Systematic Review.

Rory Byrne¹, Benjamin Ahn¹, Leon Zhao¹

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

|September 2, 2024

Summary

Studies on lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) show statistical fragility. Research on LET for primary ACLR is more fragile than for revision ACLR, indicating a need for more investigation.

Keywords:

anterior cruciate ligament fragility index fragility quotient lateral extra-articular tenodesis statistical fragility

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Area of Science:

Orthopaedic surgery
Biomechanical research
Statistical analysis in clinical studies

Background:

Statistical significance (P < .05) can be unreliable due to outcome reversals.
Orthopaedic literature increasingly uses fragility metrics like fragility index (FI) and fragility quotient (FQ).
Lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) is gaining interest for augmenting anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the statistical fragility of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative studies on LET for ACLR.
To test the hypothesis that outcomes in LET studies are statistically fragile.
To evaluate fragility metrics for LET in primary versus revision ACLR.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of comparative studies and RCTs on LET as an adjunct to ACLR (2000-2022).
Analysis of dichotomous and continuous outcomes.
Calculation of fragility index (FI), continuous FI (CFI), fragility quotient (FQ), and continuous FQ (CFQ).

Main Results:

29 studies (9 RCTs, 20 comparative) were included; 79.3% published after 2020.
Median FI was 9.0, median FQ was 0.1; median CFI was 7.8, median CFQ was 0.12.
Studies on LET with revision ACLR showed higher FQ (0.117) and CFQ (0.113) than those on primary ACLR (0.042 and 0.095).

Conclusions:

Studies on LET for primary ACLR exhibit greater statistical fragility than those for revision ACLR.
Further research is needed to clarify indications for LET in primary ACLR.
Orthopaedic research should incorporate fragility metrics alongside traditional P values.