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Simulation extractable versions of Groth's zk-SNARK revisited
Oussama Amine1, Karim Baghery2, Zaira Pindado3
1University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
International Journal of Information Security
|September 2, 2024
Summary
This study introduces a more efficient simulation extractable zk-SNARK, improving upon existing schemes. The new construction offers reduced proof sizes and faster verification, making it highly competitive with state-of-the-art systems.
Area of Science:
- Cryptography
- Computer Science
Background:
- Zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive arguments of knowledge (zk-SNARKs) are crucial for efficient, private verification.
- Groth's scheme is the current standard but lacks guaranteed non-malleability.
- Simulation extractability is a necessary property for advanced zk-SNARK applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a more efficient simulation extractable zk-SNARK (SE zk-SNARK).
- To improve upon the Bowe-Gabizon 2018 (BG18) construction.
- To reduce pairing operations and proof sizes while maintaining security.
Main Methods:
- Revision of the Random Oracle-based variant of Groth's zk-SNARK (BG18).
- Implementation and empirical comparison with BG18 and other related schemes using the Arkworks library.
- Security analysis in the Algebraic Group Model with Random Oracles.
Main Results:
- The proposed SE zk-SNARK saves 2 pairings in verification and 1 group element in the proof compared to BG18.
- Security is reduced to standard computational assumptions in bilinear groups.
- Empirical results show superior efficiency over previous SE zk-SNARKs and close performance to the original Groth's scheme.
Conclusions:
- The new SE zk-SNARK offers a practical and efficient solution for applications requiring simulation extractability.
- This work advances the state-of-the-art in efficient and secure zk-SNARK constructions.
- The scheme provides a strong alternative to existing zk-SNARKs with enhanced security properties.
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