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Related Concept Videos

Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

118
The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
118

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Bio-Informed Porous Mineral-Based Composites.

Ran Zhao1, Esther Amstad2

  • 1Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.

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Nature

Keywords:
biomineralscompositesmechanical propertiesporous structures

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomineralization
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Biominerals like sponges and echinoderms exhibit superior mechanical properties due to ordered porous structures.
  • Synthetic materials often lack these properties due to stochastic pore distribution and limited fabrication control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review natural strategies for creating high-performance porous biominerals.
  • To highlight advancements in fabricating bio-inspired mineral composites with controlled porosity.
  • To encourage research into sustainable, energy-efficient manufacturing of lightweight, stiff mineral composites.

Main Methods:

  • Review of natural structural elements in porous biominerals.
  • Analysis of recent fabrication techniques for bio-informed mineral composites.
  • Summary of structure-property relationships in processed mineral composites.

Main Results:

  • Nature utilizes specific structural designs to achieve exceptional density-normalized Young's moduli in biominerals.
  • Recent fabrication methods enable control over pore sizes across multiple length scales in mineral composites.
  • Processing significantly influences the structure and mechanical performance of these composites.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding natural designs can guide the creation of advanced synthetic porous materials.
  • Further research is needed for sustainable and efficient fabrication of high-performance mineral composites.
  • Bio-inspired approaches offer a pathway to lightweight, stiff, and adaptable materials.