Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Using an Ingestible Telemetric Temperature Pill to Assess Gastrointestinal Temperature During Exercise
Published on: October 7, 2015
Reliability of Wearable Technology to Monitor Core Temperature Among Helicopter-Based EMS Crews
Michael Callihan1, Heather Cole2, Amanda Callihan2
1The University of North Carolina at Greensboro.
Background:
Excessive heat stress led to more than 400 deaths in the United States from 2011 to 2021. Common methods for heat injury prevention revolve around measurements of the environment and fail to account for the unique individual response to stressors.
Methods:
An observational approach was utilized with nine helicopter-based emergency medical services personnel during emergency flights to compare core temperature readings obtained from an ingestible temperature monitoring pill and the estimated core temperature reading of the Slate Safety Band V2 wearable device. Comparison of data was conducted within Microsoft Excel programming to determine the mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean biased error (MBE), and Bland-Altman plot development.
Findings:
A significant bias (t = 17.58, p < .001) toward the Slate Safety device reading higher with an average difference of -0.48°C (-0.86°F) was found, meaning the average temperature reading is 0.48°C (-0.86°F) higher with the Slate Safety device. A significant correlation of .26 (p < .001) was noted between the ingestible pill and the wearable device with a 95% confidence interval of 0.23 to 0.29. Aggregate core temperature data demonstrated an MSE of 0.43, an RMSE of 0.65, an MAE of 0.54, and an MBE of -0.48.
Conclusions/Application To Practice:
The ability to monitor the physiological parameters of a worker remotely adds safety tools relative to the risks of heat stress. The slightly higher reading associated with the Slate Safety wearable device provides an added safety margin to protect our workers.
More Related Videos
06:43Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
Published on: November 21, 2017
10:45A Community-based Stress Management Program: Using Wearable Devices to Assess Whole Body Physiological Responses in Non-laboratory Settings
Published on: January 22, 2018
Related Concept Videos
Temperature Measurement Sites
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
Assessing Body Temperature - Oral
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
Decreased Body Temperature