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Trends in Invasive Melanoma Thickness in Norway, 1983-2019.

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Melanoma incidence, particularly thin tumors (T1), has significantly increased in Norway. This rise in early-stage melanoma was not offset by a decrease in thicker, more dangerous melanomas.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Epidemiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Monitoring melanoma incidence trends by tumor thickness is crucial for understanding disease evolution and informing prevention.
  • Assessing long-term trends helps identify changes in melanoma occurrence and risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze long-term incidence trends of melanoma based on tumor thickness in Norway.
  • To identify changes in melanoma occurrence across different tumor categories and demographic groups.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Cancer Registry of Norway (1983-2007) and the Norwegian Melanoma Registry (2008-2019).
  • Extracted tumor thickness data from pathology reports for 45,635 melanoma patients.
  • Analyzed annual percentage changes (AAPC) and confidence intervals for different tumor thickness categories (T1-T4) and sexes.

Main Results:

  • Incidence of thin melanoma (T1, ≤1 mm) increased significantly (men: 4.6% AAPC, women: 3.2% AAPC), with a notable pattern of increase, plateau, and further increase.
  • Increased incidence was also observed for T2 and T3 melanomas, particularly in men.
  • Thicker melanomas (T4, >4 mm) showed a similar pattern of increase, especially in men on the head/neck, upper limbs, and trunk.
  • Men exhibited higher T3 and T4 incidence, with sex differences widening with age.
  • Age-specific incidence increased in older groups, while stabilizing in those born after 1950.

Conclusions:

  • The substantial rise in thin melanoma incidence in Norway has not led to a reduction in thick melanoma rates.
  • Findings suggest a need to re-evaluate current prevention and early detection strategies for melanoma.
  • The increasing incidence across various tumor thicknesses highlights the ongoing public health challenge posed by melanoma.