An improved meta-heuristic method for optimal optimization of electric parking lots in distribution network

In this study, a stochastic multi-objective structure for optimization of the intelligent electric parking lots (EPLs) is implemented in the distribution network for minimizing the power losses annual costs, power purchased from the main grid, unsupplied energy of subscribers, cost of vehicles to the grid as well as minimizing the network voltage deviations considering battery degradation cost (BDC) and network load uncertainty (NLUn). In this research, the unscented transformation method (UTM) is used for NLUn modeling and this method is easily applicable and has a low computational cost. An improved meta-heuristic algorithm named improved fire hawks optimization (IFHO) is utilized for decision variables finding defined as the site and size of the EPLs in the distribution network. The conventional fire hawks optimization (FHO) algorithm is inspired by the fire hawks foraging behavior and in this research, the Taylor-based neighborhood technique (TBNT) is used to reduce the dependency and the possibility of becoming trapped in local optimal. To evaluate the proposed methodology, the simulations are implemented in three scenarios (1) EPLs optimization without BDC and NLUn based-UTM, (2) EPLs optimization with BDC and without NLUn, and (3) EPLs optimization with BDC and NLUn. The results of the third scenario considering BDC and NLUn showed that the EPLs optimization integrated with a multi-objective framework by finding the EPL's optimal size and capacity in the network via the IFHO has reduced the annual losses, voltage deviations, ENS cost, and substation cost by 21.06%, 12.15%, 70.82%, and 39.10%, respectively compared to the base distribution network. Additionally, the results demonstrated that incorporating the BDC and NLUn, the annual losses, voltage oscillations, ENS cost, grid cost, and EPLs have increased in comparison with the EPLs optimization without BDC and NLUn based-UTM. In addition, the TBNT based-IFHO superiority has been confirmed in different scenarios by achieving better values of the objectives and also obtaining the convergence process with lower convergence tolerance and higher convergence accuracy.