Progress in toxicogenomics to protect human health.

Area of Science:

• Toxicology and Molecular Biology
• Environmental Health and Pharmacology

Background:

• Toxicogenomics integrates molecular data (transcripts, proteins, metabolites, epigenomics) to assess toxicological effects.
• Transcriptomics is crucial in modern toxicology, offering scalable mechanistic and quantitative gene expression insights.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the application of transcriptomics in toxicology testing since toxicogenomics' inception.
• To highlight advances transforming toxicological risk assessment.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing transcriptomic biomarkers, network inference, pattern matching, and artificial intelligence for hazard prediction.
• Employing high-throughput dose-response modeling with toxicogenomic data.
• Leveraging single-cell transcriptomics and multi-omics for detailed toxicological mechanism insights.

Main Results:

• Transcriptomics provides mechanistic and quantitative data at scale for toxicology.
• Toxicogenomic data aids in predicting hazards and protecting human health.
• Emerging methods offer detailed insights into toxicological mechanisms.

Conclusions:

• Transcriptomics is a key tool in advancing toxicology and risk assessment.
• Toxicogenomics, particularly transcriptomics, is revolutionizing hazard identification and human health protection.
• Continued innovation in multi-omics and high-throughput methods will further enhance toxicological evaluations.