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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
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Nipple Areola Complex Reconstruction: An 8-Year Experience With Modified Technique and Systematic Review.

Michael Rice1, Giulia Colavitti1, Philippa Jackson1

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom.

Eplasty
|September 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Nipple areola complex reconstruction using a modified C-V flap with skin grafts offers excellent patient satisfaction and aesthetic results. This technique provides a reproducible method with minimal complications for breast reconstruction patients.

Keywords:
BreastNippleNipple-Areola ComplexReconstructionSystematic Review

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Nipple areola complex (NAC) reconstruction is a crucial final step in breast reconstruction.
  • It significantly impacts patient body image and the final aesthetic outcome.
  • Existing literature highlights the importance of NAC reconstruction in patient satisfaction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel technique for NAC reconstruction.
  • To evaluate the outcomes of this new technique.
  • To support the findings with a systematic literature review.

Main Methods:

  • A modified C-V flap with a full-thickness skin graft (FTSG) was employed for NAC reconstruction between 2014 and 2022.
  • Patient follow-up included assessments of complications, satisfaction, and revision surgery needs.
  • A systematic literature review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted.

Main Results:

  • The modified C-V flap technique demonstrated excellent patient satisfaction and objective outcomes.
  • Low complication rates and minimal need for revision surgery were observed.
  • The technique resulted in durable projection and satisfactory aesthetic results.

Conclusions:

  • NAC reconstruction is a vital component of the breast reconstructive journey.
  • The modified C-V flap with FTSG is a reproducible technique with minimal complications.
  • This method yields excellent, long-standing results and high patient satisfaction.