Description and Characteristics of Ocular Tumor Lysis Syndrome
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Ocular tumor lysis syndrome (OTLS) is a rare complication of uveal melanoma, often presenting with extensive pigment dispersion after plaque brachytherapy. While vision loss is common, vitreoretinal surgery can help avoid eye removal in many cases.
Area Of Science
- Ophthalmology
- Oncology
- Retinal Surgery
Background
- Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy.
- Ocular tumor lysis syndrome (OTLS) is a rare but serious complication following treatment for uveal melanoma.
Purpose Of The Study
- To describe and evaluate the characteristics of ocular tumor lysis syndrome (OTLS) in eyes diagnosed with uveal melanoma.
- To identify key clinical and pathological features associated with OTLS development and outcomes.
Main Methods
- Retrospective chart review of patients with uveal melanoma and OTLS from 2009-2021.
- Data collection included demographics, tumor characteristics, radiation dosimetry, gene expression profiling (GEP), OTLS presentation, management, and outcomes.
Main Results
- Seven eyes developed OTLS after I-125 brachytherapy for uveal melanoma, with mean age 59 and mean tumor height 8.6 mm.
- Common OTLS features included extensive vitreous pigment dispersion, subretinal pigment/retinal detachment (4/7), and collar-button tumor shape (6/7).
- Poor vision (<20/200) occurred in 6/7 eyes; three patients died from metastasis, associated with GEP class 2 tumors.
Conclusions
- OTLS is a rare, devastating complication of uveal melanoma, often linked to large plaque diameters and specific tumor morphologies.
- Extensive pigment dispersion is typical, but usually not malignant.
- While vision impairment is frequent, pars plana vitrectomy may help prevent enucleation.
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