A simple, efficient, and rapid method for dye removal from wastewater using an IDA-GO@Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanocomposite

With the rapid advancement of the dye and textile industry, there has been increasing concern regarding the contamination of wastewater with dyes and its potential influence on human health. Therefore, the removal of dye pollutants from wastewater has become a matter of significant importance. In this study, a magnetically responsive iminodiacetic acid-functionalized graphene oxide (IDA-GO@Fe₃O₄) nanocomposite was utilized for the adsorption of both cationic and anionic dyes. The IDA-GO@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite was synthesized and thoroughly characterized using several analytical techniques such as XRD, SEM, FT-IR, TGA and BET analysis. The prepared magnetic nanocomposite had a much higher thermal stability than pure graphene oxide. The negatively charged surface of the IDA-GO@Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanocomposite made it an excellent candidate for removing cationic dyes. The effects of various factors, including pH, initial concentration (isotherms), amount of adsorbent, and contact time (kinetics), on adsorption efficiency were investigated. The optimal conditions for the removal of methylene blue were determined to be 0.005 g of adsorbent, a pH of 10, and a contact time of 160 minutes. In contrast, the optimal conditions for the removal of methylene orange were found to be 0.005 g of adsorbent, a pH of 2, and a contact time of 120 minutes. Experimental data shows that the adsorption capacity for MB is reported as 437.10 mg g^-1 at pH 10, while for MO it is 165.65 mg g^-1 at pH 2. Furthermore, the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. The proposed adsorption mechanism of MB and MO dyes onto the IDA-GO@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite involve various interactions, such as electrostatic interactions, H-bonding, n-π, and π-π interactions. Importantly, the IDA-GO@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite exhibited outstanding recyclability, retaining its effectiveness even after five successive cycles for MB. This suggests a straightforward method for developing high-performance IDA-GO@Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanocomposites for efficient wastewater purification and environmental remediation applications.