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The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations based in Geneva. The WHO has many initiatives that center around health. Primarily, they lead global efforts to expand universal health coverage using science-based policies and programs. They are also responsible for shaping health research agendas and developing norms and standards.
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
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One Health policy for combatting African trypanocide resistance.

Keneth Iceland Kasozi1,2, Ewan Thomas MacLeod1, Susan Christina Welburn1,3,4,5

  • 1Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom.

One Health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|September 3, 2024
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Summary

African trypanocide resistance (ATr) is rising due to drug resistance, poor policies, and funding gaps. The One Health framework offers solutions through collaboration to combat this challenge in low and middle-income countries.

Keywords:
COVID-19Developing countriesFundingGlobal healthInfectious diseasesNeglected tropical diseasesOne HealthTrypanosomiasis

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • African trypanocide resistance (ATr) is a growing concern, driven by pathogen evolution and inadequate drug policies over decades.
  • Past drug liberalization policies in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) have led to poor pharmacovigilance for veterinary medicines.
  • Insufficient funding and limited public-private partnerships hinder the development of new treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted factors contributing to the rise of African trypanocide resistance.
  • To highlight the potential of the One Health framework in addressing ATr.
  • To emphasize the need for collaborative strategies for sustainable ATr management.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review and synthesis of existing literature on African trypanocide resistance.
  • It analyzes the impact of policy, community engagement, and funding on drug resistance.
  • It draws parallels with successful epidemic management strategies, including the One Health approach.

Main Results:

  • Evolutionary changes in the pathogen and existing resistance genes are key drivers of ATr.
  • Inadequate policy implementation and poor pharmacovigilance exacerbate the problem in LMICs.
  • The One Health framework, demonstrated in managing avian influenza and COVID-19, offers a viable model for ATr control.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing ATr requires a comprehensive One Health approach, integrating international and local efforts.
  • Community engagement, political commitment, media involvement, and NGO participation are vital for resource mobilization and sustainability.
  • Effective ATr management necessitates robust policy implementation and strengthened pharmacovigilance in LMICs.