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COVID-19 vaccine-associated vasculitis: A systematic review
Aseel Abuhammad1, Maram Albandak1,2, Mohammed Ayyad1,3
1Al-Quds University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, State of Palestine.
SAGE Open Medicine
|September 3, 2024
Summary
COVID-19 vaccine-associated vasculitis is a rare side effect, typically presenting with skin and kidney involvement. Most patients achieve complete remission, highlighting that vaccine benefits outweigh risks.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Rheumatology
Background:
- Vaccine-associated vasculitis is a serious, albeit rare, adverse event following COVID-19 vaccination.
- Manifestations of vasculitis post-vaccination are diverse and can affect all age groups, with higher incidence in the elderly.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and evaluate the spectrum of vasculitis manifestations associated with COVID-19 vaccination.
- To analyze clinical data including patient demographics, vaccination types, affected organs, and treatment outcomes.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus up to October 2022.
- Included studies reported on patient sex, age, clinical manifestations, vaccine type, investigations, comorbidities, treatments, and outcomes.
- Vasculitis flare-ups post-vaccination were also considered.
Main Results:
- 117 studies involving 158 patients with post-COVID-19 vaccination vasculitis were analyzed.
- mRNA vaccines were most common (n=103), followed by viral vector (n=42) and inactivated viral vaccines (n=10).
- Skin (60.7%) and kidneys (27.8%) were most affected; 70% achieved complete remission.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 vaccine-induced vasculitis is rare, generally has a favorable prognosis, and leads to remission within days for most patients.
- The benefits of COVID-19 vaccination significantly outweigh the potential risks, especially for immunocompromised individuals.
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