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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling
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Simultaneously Controlling Inflammation and Infection by Smart Nanomedicine Responding to the Inflammatory

Xinjing Lv1, Jie Min1, Jie Huang1

  • 1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Pediatric Research Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|September 3, 2024
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New nanoparticles balance anti-infection and anti-inflammation. These nanomedicines target inflammatory environments to kill pathogens and reduce damaging immune responses, improving survival in severe infections without disrupting overall immune health.

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anti‐infection and anti‐inflammation treatmentbioluminescence resonance energy transferinflammatory microenvironmentmyeloperoxidaseneutrophils

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanomedicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Severe infections cause organ damage due to overactivated immune cells.
  • Current anti-inflammatory drugs risk increased infection susceptibility.
  • Balancing anti-inflammation and anti-infection is crucial for treating infectious diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design an inflammatory-microenvironment-responsive nanomedicine.
  • To simultaneously control infection and inflammation.
  • To develop a therapeutic strategy that avoids immune homeostasis disturbance.

Main Methods:

  • Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with chlorine E6 (Ce6) and luminal (Lum).
  • Utilizing bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) triggered by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and myeloperoxidase (MPO).
  • Testing in bacterial infection models and virus-induced pneumonia.

Main Results:

  • Lum/Ce6@PLGA nanoparticles are non-toxic in normal conditions.
  • Nanoparticles generate cytotoxic single oxygen in inflammatory environments.
  • Effective control of infection and inflammation observed, leading to improved animal survival.

Conclusions:

  • BRET-based nanoparticles offer a dual approach to combat infection and inflammation.
  • This nanomedicine strategy shows promise for treating severe infectious diseases.
  • The approach maintains immune homeostasis while targeting lesions.