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Octacalcium phosphate formation in vitro: implications for bone formation.

P T Cheng

    Calcified Tissue International
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) can form in neutral and pH 7.4 solutions, potentially acting as a precursor to hydroxyapatite in bone formation. This study investigates OCP formation in conditions mimicking bone extracellular fluid.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomineralization
    • Crystallography
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) is found in kidney stones and dental calculi.
    • OCP is proposed as a precursor to hydroxyapatite in bone and teeth.
    • The formation of OCP in neutral to basic bone extracellular fluid remains unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the formation of calcium phosphate crystal phases in simulated bone extracellular fluid.
    • To determine if OCP can form at physiological pH (7.4) and temperature (37°C).
    • To assess the potential role of OCP as a precursor to hydroxyapatite in bone.

    Main Methods:

    • Calcium phosphate crystal phases were synthesized from solutions with varying CaCl2 and Na2HPO4 concentrations at neutral and pH 7.4.
    • Solutions were maintained at 37°C and 100-300 mosM.
    • Crystal phases formed were identified, and their transformations over time were observed.

    Main Results:

    • Brushite, OCP, and hydroxyapatite were formed in solutions at neutral and pH 7.4.
    • OCP transformed into hydroxyapatite in some solutions after 1-2 days.
    • Brushite did not transform into OCP under the experimental conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • OCP can form in physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37°C) relevant to bone extracellular fluid.
    • Hydroxyapatite formation requires ambient inorganic phosphate [Pi] > 5 mM under simulated bone fluid conditions.
    • Octacalcium phosphate is suggested to be a precursor to hydroxyapatite in bone formation.

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