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Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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RNA Stability01:53

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
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pre-mRNA Processing02:01

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
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The separation between mRNA-ends is more variable than expected.

Nancy Gerling1, J Alfredo Mendez2, Eduardo Gomez3

  • 1Institute of Physics, Biological Physics Laboratory, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

FEBS Open Bio
|September 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Messenger RNA (mRNA) end-to-end separation is conserved across organisms, influencing translation initiation and phenotype stability. Shorter separations may enhance phenotypic stability, while variability suggests regulatory mechanisms.

Keywords:
RNA external loopRNA secondary structurecontour lengthmRNAphenotypic stability

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Identification of Alternative Splicing and Polyadenylation in RNA-seq Data
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Effective circularization of messenger RNA (mRNA) is crucial for efficient translation initiation.
  • Previous research indicated small intrinsic separation between mRNA ends, suggesting intramolecular arrangements for circularization.
  • The biological implications of this proximity remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if mRNA end proximity is a conserved feature across diverse organisms.
  • To explore the functional consequences of mRNA end-to-end separation.
  • To understand the role of mRNA secondary structure in translation.

Main Methods:

  • Computational analysis of mRNA secondary structure.
  • Study of 274 full native mRNA molecules from 17 different organisms.
  • Calculation of external loop contour length (CL) as an index of end-to-end separation.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant variations in mRNA end-to-end separation (0.59–31.8 nm), exceeding previous reports and random sequences.
  • Identified that separations greater than 18.5 nm are disfavored.
  • Short separations correlate with phenotypic stability.

Conclusions:

  • A biological mechanism likely drives the observed variability in mRNA end-to-end separation.
  • mRNA external loop contour length (CL) is potentially relevant for translation initiation.
  • Short mRNA end-to-end separations may contribute to phenotypic stability.