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Cytokines on the way to secretion.
Paulina Kaminska1, Aleksandra Tempes2, Ela Scholz2
1Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw 02-096, Poland; Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.
Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews
|September 3, 2024
Summary
This review explores how immune cells release signaling molecules called cytokines. Understanding cytokine secretion pathways, including exocytosis and non-classical routes, is key for developing therapies for immune-related diseases.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Immune cell activation leads to cytokine secretion, crucial for immune responses.
- Mechanisms controlling cytokine release are complex and not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the molecular mechanisms of cytokine release from immune cells.
- To highlight both classical exocytosis and non-classical release pathways.
Main Methods:
- Focuses on exocytosis, including vesicular trafficking and sorting receptors.
- Discusses the role of cytoskeletal rearrangements in cytokine secretion.
- Examines non-classical release via inflammasome and autophagic pathways.
Main Results:
- Cytokine release involves constitutive and regulated exocytosis.
- Cytoskeletal dynamics are essential for vesicular transport and synapse formation.
- Non-classical pathways bypass traditional ER-Golgi transport.
Conclusions:
- Understanding diverse cytokine release mechanisms is vital.
- Identifies potential therapeutic targets for immune-related disorders.
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