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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Age and visual cortex inhibition: a TMS-MRS study.

Molly Simmonite1,2, Dalia Khammash2, Katherine J Michon2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|September 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults show reduced visual cortical inhibition, measured by paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation. This decline correlates with lower GABA+ levels in the visual cortex, suggesting age-related changes in inhibitory neurotransmission.

Keywords:
aginggamma-aminobutyric acidmagnetic resonance spectroscopytranscranial magnetic stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (ppTMS) is established for studying motor cortex inhibition.
  • Previous work extended ppTMS to assess visual cortical inhibition by measuring phosphene size.
  • Aging is associated with changes in brain function, but visual cortical inhibitory mechanisms remain less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in primary visual cortical inhibition.
  • To examine the relationship between visual cortical inhibition and GABA+ levels in the primary visual cortex.
  • To determine if GABAergic mechanisms underlie age-related changes in visual cortical inhibition.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed visual cortical inhibition using ppTMS in young and older adults.
  • Measured GABA+ concentrations in the primary visual cortex using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
  • Correlated ppTMS inhibition measures with MRS-derived GABA+ levels.

Main Results:

  • Older adults exhibited significantly lower ppTMS-measured visual cortical inhibition.
  • Uncorrected GABA+ levels were lower in older adults, but tissue-corrected GABA+ remained unchanged with age.
  • A significant positive correlation was found between ppTMS inhibition and tissue-corrected GABA+.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest an age-related decline in inhibitory function within the primary visual cortex.
  • The correlation supports the role of GABAergic neurotransmission in visual cortical inhibition, similar to findings in the motor cortex.
  • ppTMS is a viable tool for assessing inhibitory function and GABAergic mechanisms in the human visual cortex across the lifespan.