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Age differences in BOLD modulation to task difficulty as a function of amyloid burden.

Joseph P Hennessee1, Tzu-Chen Lung1, Denise C Park1,2

  • 1Center for Vital Longevity; Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr., Suite 800, Dallas, TX 75235, United States.

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|September 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neural resource allocation (BOLD activation) supports cognitive function. Amyloid levels and age influence this, with moderate amyloid impairing modulation, while high amyloid shows strong, potentially dysfunctional, modulation linked to cognitive aging.

Keywords:
PETagingfMRIfluid intelligencesemantic

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Effective cognitive performance relies on neural resource allocation, measured by blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activation, which increases with task demands.
  • Amyloid-beta deposition and normal aging significantly impact this demand-related neural modulation.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for cognitive health in aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complex interplay between amyloid burden, neural modulation, and fluid cognitive ability in aging adults.
  • To examine how amyloid levels (measured by SUVRs) influence BOLD modulation during a cognitive task.
  • To determine the relationship between neural modulation and fluid ability across different age groups and amyloid statuses.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure BOLD activation during a semantic judgment task with varying difficulty levels.
  • Amyloid burden was quantified using positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-florbetapir.
  • Participants (n=252, ages 50-89) from the Dallas Lifespan Brain Study (DLBS) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • A quadratic relationship was found between amyloid SUVRs and BOLD modulation; moderate amyloid levels were associated with weaker modulation, while very high levels (>1.5 SUVR) showed strong modulation.
  • Greater neural modulation correlated with better fluid cognitive ability.
  • This positive relationship between modulation and fluid ability was more pronounced in younger individuals and those with lower amyloid burden.

Conclusions:

  • Effective demand-related neural modulation is vital for healthy cognitive aging, particularly during the transition from middle to older adulthood.
  • While beneficial in younger or amyloid-negative individuals, excessive neural modulation may be maladaptive in the presence of substantial amyloid deposition.
  • These findings highlight the nuanced role of amyloid in cognitive aging and neural function.