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Related Concept Videos

Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
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Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury
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Traumatic brain injury and prolactin.

Aysa Hacioglu1, Fatih Tanriverdi2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Türkiye.

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders
|September 3, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause pituitary hormone problems. Prolactin level changes after TBI may indicate pituitary dysfunction, especially in the chronic phase.

Keywords:
HyperprolactinemiaHypoprolactinemiaProlactinTraumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of pituitary dysfunction, affecting up to 15% of patients long-term.
  • Common hormonal disruptions include growth hormone deficiency, adrenal insufficiency, hypogonadism, and hypothyroidism.
  • Prolactin level disturbances after TBI vary widely (0-85%) and are influenced by hypothalamic-pituitary axis regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate patient data on prolactin levels after TBI during long-term follow-up.
  • To review the literature on the prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical implications of prolactin disturbances post-TBI.
  • To explore the role of prolactin as an indicator of pituitary function after TBI.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective long-term follow-up of patients with TBI.
  • Literature review on serum prolactin disturbances following TBI.
  • Analysis of basal prolactin measurements and stimulation tests.

Main Results:

  • Prolactin dysregulation is common after TBI, with prevalence varying significantly.
  • Acute TBI severity correlates with prolactin levels.
  • Chronic hypoprolactinemia may indicate pituitary dysfunction and reduced pituitary volume.

Conclusions:

  • Prolactin level monitoring can offer insights into hypothalamic-pituitary function post-TBI.
  • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and clinical significance of prolactin trends after TBI.
  • Prolactin disturbances are a relevant aspect of neuroendocrine assessment following traumatic brain injury.