Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Second Order systems II01:18

Second Order systems II

96
In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
96
Second Order systems I01:20

Second Order systems I

139
A servo system exemplifies a second-order system, featuring a proportional controller and load elements that ensure the output position aligns with the input position. The relationship between these components is described by a second-order differential equation. Applying the Laplace transform under zero initial conditions yields the transfer function, showing how inputs are converted to outputs in the system.
By reinterpreting the system, one can derive the closed-loop transfer function, which...
139
First Order Systems01:21

First Order Systems

87
First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
87
Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

18.6K
The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
18.6K
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

18.7K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
18.7K
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

17.5K
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
17.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Little red dots as young supermassive black holes in dense ionized cocoons.

Nature·2026
Same author

Detection of disk-jet coprecession in a tidal disruption event.

Science advances·2025
Same author

High-resolution predictive mapping reveals novel benthic habitats in the southern Baltic Sea.

The Science of the total environment·2025
Same author

Interstellar ices as carriers of supernova material to the early solar system.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

An axisymmetric shock breakout indicated by prompt polarized emission from the type II supernova 2024ggi.

Science advances·2025
Same author

The Progenitor Systems of Classical Novae in M31.

The Astrophysical journal·2025
Same journal

Demonstration of a quantum C-NOT gate in a time-multiplexed fully reconfigurable photonic processor.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Nonlinear quantum light source with van der Waals ferroelectric NbOX<sub>2</sub> (X = Br, I).

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Antagonistic histone H2A variants and autonomous heterochromatin formation shape epigenomic patterns in Arabidopsis.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

The long tail of nitrate pollution in groundwater challenges governance of global water quality.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Select microbial metabolites promote tau aggregation in a murine tauopathy model.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Warming climate has lengthened global intense tropical cyclone seasons.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Heat-Induced Antigen Retrieval: An Effective Method to Detect and Identify Progenitor Cell Types during Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis
09:38

Heat-Induced Antigen Retrieval: An Effective Method to Detect and Identify Progenitor Cell Types during Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Published on: August 30, 2013

12.5K

Binary progenitor systems for Type Ic supernovae.

Martín Solar1, Michał J Michałowski2, Jakub Nadolny3

  • 1Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland. martin.solar@amu.edu.pl.

Nature Communications
|September 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Core-collapse supernovae, including Type II and Ic, occur in similar gas densities, suggesting comparable progenitor masses. This supports binary interactions for Type Ic supernovae, impacting galaxy evolution models.

More Related Videos

Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation
12:09

Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation

Published on: August 10, 2022

6.3K
Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Heat-Induced Antigen Retrieval: An Effective Method to Detect and Identify Progenitor Cell Types during Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis
09:38

Heat-Induced Antigen Retrieval: An Effective Method to Detect and Identify Progenitor Cell Types during Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Published on: August 30, 2013

12.5K
Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation
12:09

Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation

Published on: August 10, 2022

6.3K
Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics and cosmology
  • Stellar evolution and supernovae
  • Galaxy evolution

Background:

  • Core-collapse supernovae are crucial for galactic chemical enrichment and regulating star formation.
  • The progenitor nature of Type Ic supernovae (lacking H/He lines) remains debated, with possibilities including very massive stars or binary systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the progenitor origins of Type Ic supernovae by comparing their environments to those of Type II supernovae.
  • To resolve the debate on whether Type Ic progenitors are single massive stars or products of binary interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of molecular gas densities in the environments of Type II and Type Ic supernovae.
  • Comparison of progenitor lifetimes and initial masses based on environmental properties.

Main Results:

  • Type II and Type Ic supernovae are found in environments with similar molecular gas densities.
  • This similarity implies comparable progenitor lifetimes and initial masses for both supernova types.
  • The findings support binary interaction as the primary channel for most Type Ic supernova progenitors.

Conclusions:

  • The similar environments suggest that Type Ic supernovae do not exclusively originate from very massive single stars.
  • Binary interaction provides a consistent explanation for the observed spectral features (lack of H/He lines) of Type Ic supernovae.
  • These results can refine sub-grid models in cosmological simulations for improved feedback and chemical mixing calculations.