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Are Child Access Prevention Laws Associated With Fewer Pediatric Firearm Injuries?

Emily G Wilson1, Mathew J Gregoski1,2, Elizabeth R Oddo1,3

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Child access prevention (CAP) laws are linked to older children and higher incomes among firearm injury patients. Strict CAP laws may reduce pediatric firearm injuries, suggesting a need for federal legislation.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric injury research
  • Public health policy
  • Firearm safety

Background:

  • Firearm injuries are a leading cause of death for children in the U.S.
  • Child Access Prevention (CAP) laws aim to reduce unsafe firearm access.
  • State-level CAP laws vary in their restrictiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the characteristics of pediatric firearm injury patients in states with varying CAP laws.
  • To compare injury data across states with no, some, or strict CAP laws.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the Pediatric Health Information System database (2016-2021).
  • Categorization of state laws into no, some, or strict CAP laws based on criminal liability for negligent storage.
  • Statistical comparison using chi-squared and independent-samples median tests.

Main Results:

  • 12,853 pediatric firearm injuries were recorded.
  • Patients in states with strict CAP laws were significantly older and from higher-income households.
  • Differences in gender, race, and injury counts were observed across restriction levels.
  • Fewer injuries than expected occurred in cities with strict CAP laws.

Conclusions:

  • CAP laws correlate with older pediatric firearm injury patients and higher household incomes.
  • Disparities suggest potential benefits of strict CAP laws.
  • A federal CAP law could offer broader protection for children nationwide.