Abnormal Structure and Function of Parietal Lobe in Individuals With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD):
Vahid Nejati1, Elnaz Ghayerin2
1Department of Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Introduction:
Abnormal brain structure and function have been reported in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study investigated the parietal lobe structure and function alteration in individuals with ADHD.
Methods:
In this systematic review, we searched English papers in accordance with the PRISMA (the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) approach. Studies were published between January 2010 and May 2021. Our search was conducted in two parts. Our first search was in July 2020, and our final search was in June 2021. A literature search identified 20 empirical experiments.
Results:
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies generally reported low activity and poor connectivity; structural MRI studies reported less gray matter in this lobe, and an echo study reported atrophy. In addition, electroencephalographic studies reported less connectivity of the parietal lobes in ADHD. Furthermore, the transcranial direct current stimulation intervention has shown that activation of this lobe improves attention and executive functions in children with ADHD. Finally, a deep transcranial magnetic stimulation study has demonstrated that activation of this lobe improves working memory.
Conclusion:
Functional and structural alteration of the parietal cortex has been reported in ADHD, which has a causal relationship with cognitive impairments. In sum, all included studies reported abnormal structure, function, or connectivity of the parietal lobe or improvement of cognitive functions with parietal lobe stimulation.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Lobes of the Cerebrum
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements....
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory
Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System
Lateralization
Association Areas of the Cortex
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...


