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Long-term outcome of patients with diabetic-range hyperglycemia first detected during admission for COVID-19: A

Ketan Agarwal1, Ravi Kirti1, Shyama Shyama1

  • 1Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna, Phulwari Sharif, Patna, Bihar, India.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
|September 4, 2024
PubMed

Insights

A significant proportion of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experienced new-onset diabetes or pre-diabetes. Regular glucose screening and lifestyle changes are recommended for post-COVID patients with hyperglycemia.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with new-onset diabetic-range hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients.
  • The distinction between transient hyperglycemia and new-onset diabetes mellitus in these patients requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the proportion of COVID-19 patients with new-onset diabetes mellitus versus transient hyperglycemia.
  • To assess glucose tolerance status in patients with hyperglycemia during COVID-19 hospitalization.

Main Methods:

  • Descriptive study of patients with hyperglycemia during COVID-19 hospitalization and no prior diabetes history.
  • Inclusion of patient identification, case-note data recording, and telephonic follow-ups.
  • Blood sugar levels assessed post-discharge or post-steroid therapy for categorization into diabetic, pre-diabetic, or non-diabetic groups.

Main Results:

  • Out of 86 patients, 11.6% developed new-onset diabetes and 15.1% had pre-diabetes.
  • 73.3% of patients returned to normoglycemia after the acute illness.
  • No statistically significant associations were found between new-onset diabetes and age, gender, comorbidities, intensive care stay, or steroid administration.

Conclusions:

  • A substantial minority of post-COVID-19 patients with hyperglycemia develop persistent diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.
  • Regular glucose screening and lifestyle modifications are crucial for managing hyperglycemia in post-COVID-19 patients.
  • Study limitations include loss to follow-up and reliance on single glucose readings for classification.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19diabetes mellitushyperglycemiapost-acute COVID-19 syndromepre-diabetes

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