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Phenone, Hydroxybenzophenone, and Branched Phenone ER Binding and Vitellogenin Agonism in Rainbow Trout In Vitro

Mark A Tapper1, Jeffrey S Denny1, Jose A Serrano1

  • 1US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, United States.

Applied in Vitro Toxicology
|September 4, 2024
PubMed

Keywords:
AOPIn vitro assayendocrine disruptionestrogen receptorvitellogenin gene expression

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Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
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Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
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Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

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Separation of the aromatic...