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The role of RNA modifications in hepatocellular carcinoma: functional mechanism and potential applications.

Jin-Xiu Liu1, Xiaoping Zhang2, Wen-Hua Xu3

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RNA modifications are crucial in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Targeting these aberrant RNA modifications offers promising therapeutic strategies and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for HCC management.

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5-methylcytosineN1-methyladenosineN6-methyladenosineN7-methylguanosinebiomarkershepatocellular carcinomatherapeutic targets

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis.
  • Molecular mechanisms of HCC development are not fully understood.
  • RNA modifications are increasingly recognized for their role in HCC progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the functional roles and molecular mechanisms of RNA modifications in HCC.
  • To explore potential therapeutic agents and biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and prognosis.
  • To provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of HCC and identify therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and summary of relevant studies on RNA modifications in HCC.
  • Analysis of specific RNA modification pathways implicated in HCC.
  • Identification of potential RNA-modifying enzymes and recognition proteins as therapeutic targets.

Main Results:

  • Aberrant regulation of RNA modifications like N6-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, N7-methylguanosine, and N1-methyladenosine is involved in HCC proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance.
  • Over ten RNA-modifying regulators show potential as biomarkers for HCC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions.
  • Specific RNA modification pathways are critical in regulating HCC hallmarks, including immune cell infiltration and autophagy.

Conclusions:

  • RNA modifications play a significant role in the molecular pathogenesis of HCC.
  • Targeting RNA modification pathways presents a novel therapeutic avenue for HCC.
  • Further multi-center validation and clinical studies are essential to establish the utility of RNA modification-based biomarkers and therapies in HCC.